A Pragmatist Approach to Complexity Theorizing in Project Studies: Orders and Levels

The limitations of complexity theorizing in project studies are traced back to simplistic and reductionist strategies. This article offers pragmatist recommendations develop strong strategies organized a triad: orders (degree recursiveness the process), levels (interactions between micro, meso, macro loci analysis), integration brought together recursive relationship co-construction. We offer four main contributions studies: pragmatism is useful, deeper attention should be paid across levels, third-order needed, complexifying terminology required.